Tag: business

Stepping Away from a Small Business Without Losing Control: How to Develop a Trusted Team Leader

Recent surveys show that many employees today are not interested in stepping into management roles. Instead, they prefer positions where they can contribute as individuals without supervising others. For larger firms—where multiple layers of management are essential—this creates a challenge. In response, many of these organizations are developing alternative career paths to retain talent and allow for growth without forcing people into unwanted leadership roles.

As a small business owner, you might think this trend doesn’t apply to you—especially if you currently wear all the management hats. But if you have employees, it’s vital to develop at least one who can step into a leadership role in your absence. Imagine spending a week at the beach, completely unplugged, while a capable, trusted team member handles the day-to-day responsibilities of your business.

So, how do you encourage and prepare someone to be your go-to leader?

Understand Why Employees May Avoid Management

Especially among younger workers, there is often hesitancy to move into management. Common concerns include:

  • Increased stress
  • Longer working hours
  • Interference with family or personal life
  • Strained relationships with co-workers

Understanding these concerns allows you to build a leadership development plan that reassures potential leaders and sets them up for success.

Steps to Develop a Lead Employee

Here’s a practical approach to cultivating leadership in your business:

1. Reframe the Role

  • Use the title leader instead of manager to make the role feel more approachable.
  • Emphasize that the goal is to help the business run smoothly when you’re away—not to burden the employee with unnecessary stress.

2. Define Responsibilities

  • Make a clear list of tasks the employee will be expected to handle in your absence.
  • Outline which decisions they can make independently and which ones require your input.
  • Create easy-to-follow checklists and protocols for recurring responsibilities.
  • Provide a contact file with supplier, client, employee, and emergency information.

3. Begin Delegating Gradually

Start by assigning small tasks and increasing responsibility over time. These might include:

  • Opening or closing the business
  • Handling customer questions or complaints
  • Responding to employee needs or schedule changes
  • Ordering supplies
  • Making bank deposits

4. Try a “Trial Run”

Choose a day to delegate full authority to your lead employee while you remain on-site.

  • Step back and allow them to make decisions.
  • If other employees approach you, direct them to the lead.
  • Provide feedback afterward and evaluate what went well and what needs refining.

5. Create a “Vacation Handbook”

Prepare your employee with a written guide that includes:

  • Task checklists and contact lists
  • Necessary passwords and system access
  • Emergency protocols and clear instructions on when to contact you

6. Take a Short Break First

Before your big vacation, take a day off and let the lead employee manage independently.

  • Review the experience together.
  • Answer questions that came up.
  • Clarify anything that was unclear.

7. Schedule and Take Your Vacation

Once your lead is ready, take that well-deserved time off. Trust the process, and trust your employee.

If Your Business Has Extended Hours…

If your business is open more than eight hours a day or more than five days a week, consider developing two or three lead employees. That way, they can rotate shifts and avoid burnout—ensuring full coverage without exhausting your team.

Benefits for You and Your Business

Following these steps prepares your lead employee to handle daily operations with confidence. When employees feel equipped and supported, their stress decreases and their performance improves. For you, it means peace of mind and the freedom to step away when needed—whether it’s for a vacation, family event, or simply a much-needed break.

Leadership doesn’t have to be about titles—it’s about trust, preparation, and partnership.

A Guide for Small Business Owners: Finding Peace Without Losing Your Drive

A friend commented recently that one of his children had been so content as a young man, he worried it might keep him from achieving all that God intended for him in life.

Contentment—being at peace and satisfied with one’s station—is a valuable quality. People who are content tend to experience lower stress levels and a deeper appreciation for daily life. The apostle Paul modeled this beautifully, writing:

“I have learned in whatever state I am, to be content.”
— Philippians 4:11 (KJV)

But while contentment is healthy, it can become a drawback if it leads to complacency. A person who is too content may neglect personal development, avoid pursuing opportunities, or settle for less than their best. For a small business owner, this might mean missing out on ways to better serve customers, grow the business, or create jobs.

Conversely, unchecked ambition can be equally harmful. The Bible warns against selfish ambition:

“For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice.”
— James 3:16 (NIV)

The key is finding a healthy balance—striving to improve your business while maintaining contentment in the journey and integrity in your methods.

How to Balance Contentment and Ambition in Your Business

If you’re a small business owner, it’s important to regularly evaluate your goals, values, and ambitions to ensure they align with your faith, lifestyle, and vision. Here’s a practical process to help you balance ambition with contentment:

1. Reflect on Your Personal and Business Goals

Before you can decide how much to grow your business, be clear about what you want from it. Consider:

  • Do you want to work as a solopreneur, generating income through your own skills without managing employees?
  • Does your business idea require more labor than you can handle alone?
  • Do you want to create jobs and provide reliable income for others?
  • How many hours per week are you willing to work?
  • What type of schedule would you like to maintain?

Example:
If you value evenings and weekends off, a manufacturing or professional service business might suit you better than a restaurant, retail shop, or entertainment business.

2. Define Your Financial Needs

Understand how much income you need to meet your personal and family obligations. Your financial goals will shape your business structure:

  • As a solopreneur, your income depends solely on your labor and the rates you charge.
  • As an employer, your income potential grows with employee productivity and overall business revenue.

3. Develop a Business Plan That Reflects Your Priorities

Once your goals are clear, develop a plan that honors those objectives.

  • Choose your legal structure.
  • Launch your marketing strategy.
  • Build your customer base through personal connections and word-of-mouth.

Remember: The startup phase is typically slow—be patient as customers become aware of your business.

4. Regularly Assess Your Growth and Contentment

Periodically evaluate whether you’re satisfied with your business’s size, revenue, and operations.

Questions to consider:

  • Are you content with your current workload and income?
    • Has demand exceeded your capacity? If so, would you prefer to turn away work or hire help and grow your business?
  • Would expanding your hours, services, or product lines serve your goals—or cause unnecessary stress?
  • Is maintaining your current size better aligned with your personal and family priorities?

There’s no wrong answer—what matters is that your decisions reflect thoughtful, prayerful discernment.

5. Avoid Complacency While Maintaining Contentment

Even if you’re satisfied with your business size, remain proactive:

  • Monitor industry trends and customer preferences.
  • Stay current with new technologies that improve efficiency.
  • Review your offerings to meet evolving customer needs.
  • Keep your physical space welcoming and well-maintained.
  • Stay compliant with legal and regulatory changes.
  • Invest in employee development through training and advancement opportunities.

Final Thoughts

Business ownership can bring both financial rewards and personal fulfillment when managed wisely. But it can also lead to stress and dissatisfaction if you chase goals that don’t align with your values or allow others to pressure you into expanding beyond your comfort zone.

Strive to operate a business that honors your definition of success, serves others well, and allows you to live with contentment and integrity. In doing so, you’ll find a healthy, God-honoring balance between ambition and peace.

📢 I’d love to hear from you!

How have you balanced contentment and ambition in your business? What decisions helped you stay true to your values while pursuing growth? Share your thoughts in the comments!

Small Business Owners: Free Up Your Time and Boost Profits with a Virtual Assistant

The demands of running a business are endless. As a small business owner, you’re responsible for overseeing daily operations, managing employees, handling financials, filing taxes, networking, planning marketing campaigns, making growth decisions—and that’s just the start.

It’s no surprise that many entrepreneurs experience stress and overwhelm.

One proven way to lighten the load is by outsourcing tasks that either fall outside your comfort zone or don’t require your direct decision-making. A virtual assistant (VA) can be an affordable, flexible solution to help you manage your workload while allowing you to focus on growing your business.

Tasks Commonly Outsourced to Virtual Assistants

Start by identifying which responsibilities you’re comfortable handing off. Many small business owners delegate tasks in the following areas:

Marketing Tasks

  • Creating ads and promotions for traditional marketing outlets
  • Developing content for social media platforms
  • Responding to comments and messages on social media
  • Creating and maintaining a marketing calendar
  • Graphic design and video editing

Administrative & Back-Office Tasks

  • Data entry
  • Scheduling appointments and meetings
  • Replying to customer inquiries and messages
  • Invoicing and recording payments
  • Paying bills

Bookkeeping Tasks

  • Recording daily transactions
  • Payroll processing
  • Reconciling bank statements
  • Maintaining ledgers
  • Filing insurance claims

Financial Reporting Tasks

  • Filing quarterly and annual payroll reports
  • Filing monthly sales tax reports
  • Running monthly profit and loss statements
  • Developing cash flow analyses

Technical & Web Support Tasks

  • Developing and maintaining your website
  • Updating site links and plugins
  • Providing IT support
  • Overseeing cybersecurity

How to Hire a Virtual Assistant

If you’ve decided a virtual assistant might be right for you, follow these steps to get started:

1. Identify Tasks to Outsource
Make a list of the duties you’d like a virtual assistant to handle.

2. Estimate Time Requirements
Determine how many hours per week these tasks will require.

3. Research Pay Rates
Check the going rates for the type of work you need in both the U.S. and international markets.

4. Evaluate Your Budget
Decide what you can afford. If needed, prioritize only your most time-consuming or uncomfortable tasks.

5. Create a Job Description
Be clear about responsibilities and required skills—such as bookkeeping certification, social media experience, or website management. If hiring internationally, specify proficiency in English.

6. Search for Candidates
You can find virtual assistants through:

  • Freelance platforms (Fiverr, Freelancer, Upwork)
  • Virtual assistant services (Zirtual, Time etc., Belay)
  • Referrals from your professional network

7. Screen and Interview Applicants
Look for:

  • Relevant work experience
  • Strong communication skills
  • Proven reliability and time management
  • Positive references
  • Optional: assign a short test task

8. Onboard Your VA

  • Set clear expectations for tasks and deadlines
  • Use affordable project management tools like Monday.com, ClickUp, or Teamwork.com
  • Provide regular feedback and encouragement

Final Thoughts

If you find the right virtual assistant and outsource the tasks that take the most time or cause the most stress, your workload — and stress level — can be reduced significantly. More importantly, you’ll free up valuable time to focus on the aspects of your business that only you can do.

While hiring a virtual assistant does require an investment, it can pay for itself in several ways. For example:

  • A skilled virtual assistant managing your social media accounts can increase engagement and attract new clients.
  • Delegating routine administrative or bookkeeping tasks frees you to spend more time meeting with clients, networking, or developing new services.
  • An assistant handling website updates or email responses ensures customers receive timely attention, which can improve customer satisfaction and lead to repeat business.

When you use your reclaimed time to focus on revenue-generating activities, your business can become more profitable — turning your virtual assistant from an expense into an investment.

If you’ve ever hired a virtual assistant, I’d love to hear your insights and advice in the comments!

Motivate and Retain: How Incentives and Appreciation Build a Stronger Team

Your business is only as strong as the people behind it. Great employees drive growth, innovation, and profitability — and it’s essential to ensure your team feels valued and recognized. Two powerful tools for fostering this kind of positive workplace culture are incentives and appreciation.

Incentives vs. Appreciation

While often related, incentives and appreciation serve different purposes in the workplace:

  • Incentives are performance-based motivators. They encourage employees to meet specific goals by offering a reward when those goals are achieved.
  • Appreciation is an expression of thanks — recognizing and valuing your team’s efforts, regardless of outcomes.

The two often go hand in hand. For example, a sales team might be incentivized to reach a target by the promise of a bonus. When the goal is met, a manager can express sincere appreciation, publicly acknowledging the team’s hard work while announcing the earned incentive.

Designing Effective Incentives

Incentives can take many forms:

  • Financial: bonuses, raises, or gift cards
  • Non-financial: extra time off, public recognition, or professional development opportunities
  • Individual or team-based

For incentives to be effective, they should:

  • Be viewed as a bonus, not part of regular compensation
  • Be clearly defined and achievable
  • Offer a fair opportunity for all employees to succeed

A word of caution: poorly designed incentives can have unintended consequences. Team incentives may frustrate high performers if others aren’t contributing equally, and incentives that feel like withheld compensation rather than earned rewards can lower morale.

Showing Appreciation

Expressions of appreciation don’t have to be complicated or expensive — but they should always be sincere. From a simple “thank you” to larger gestures, showing gratitude goes a long way in building trust and loyalty.

A few ideas for meaningful appreciation:

  • Handwritten notes: A personal, sincere message highlighting specific ways an employee contributes to your business can make a lasting impact.
  • Celebrate birthdays: Even a simple greeting or card makes employees feel seen. Some companies offer a paid day off on an employee’s birthday — a small gesture that leaves a big impression.
  • Acknowledge work anniversaries: Especially for significant milestones like five, ten, or twenty years.
  • Company newsletters: Recognize employees who’ve accomplished milestones, earned certifications, or led successful projects.
  • Employee appreciation celebrations: Host an event, whether it’s a formal lunch with recognition and door prizes, or a casual morning with donuts and coffee. Add decorations to distinguish it from a routine meeting and make it feel special.

I recall a thoughtful gesture from my days as a teacher: our principal asked each of us for our favorite snacks and surprised us with them during workdays. At my current job, we once had an annual employee appreciation lunch — a tradition that was replaced by an appreciated paid day off. While we enjoyed the lunches, everyone agreed the day off was even better!

Final Thoughts

Balancing performance incentives with genuine, everyday appreciation creates a workplace culture where employees feel both motivated and respected. When people know their efforts are seen, valued, and rewarded, they’re more likely to stay engaged, loyal, and invested in your business’s success.

Growing from Within: How Developing Employees Strengthens Your Business

The labor market has eased a bit over the past few years; however, many small business owners still cite hiring and retaining qualified employees as a top concern. One effective way to address this challenge is to invest in developing your current team. When employees recognize that they have opportunities for growth and advancement, they’re much more likely to stay and build a long-term career with your company.

Why Develop Employees from Within?

When you help your employees grow and develop new skills, you reduce the risks associated with external hiring. These employees already understand your company’s culture, values, and expectations. You’re also familiar with their strengths and areas for improvement, making it easier to place them in roles where they can thrive.

Developing your team sends a strong message to your staff that you value them and are invested in their futures. Over time, this can lead to lower turnover rates, higher job satisfaction, and reduced HR costs. Plus, it ensures that valuable institutional knowledge stays within your organization.

How to Identify Employees with Growth Potential

A key part of employee development is identifying those who have both the desire and the potential to grow. Here are a few questions to help you spot employees who may be ready for advancement:

  • Does the employee take advantage of optional training opportunities?
  • Do they ask for feedback after completing assignments?
  • Are they willing to volunteer for projects that stretch their abilities?
  • Do they embrace challenges with a positive attitude?
  • Do they encourage and support their coworkers’ growth?

If the answer to most of these questions is yes, you may have a great candidate for further development.

Steps to Develop and Retain Quality Employees

Once you’ve identified potential leaders within your organization, consider the following steps to help them grow:

  1. Discuss Career Goals
    Have an honest conversation about their long-term goals and whether they see a future with your company.
  2. Outline Growth Paths
    Show them what different advancement paths might look like and what skills or assignments they’ll need to get there.
  3. Provide Learning Opportunities
    Offer on-the-job training, mentorship, classes, certifications, or cross-training in different departments.
  4. Set SMART Goals
    Help them create Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals that lead to expanded duties and promotions.
  5. Keep It Flexible
    Reassure employees that it’s okay to adjust their career path over time to better align with their skills and interests.
  6. Offer Consistent Feedback
    Regularly review their progress, offer constructive feedback, and ask how they feel about their growth and workload.

Final Thoughts

Retaining quality employees by providing opportunities for advancement is a win-win for both your team and your business. Employees feel valued, motivated, and loyal—and your business benefits from experienced, engaged staff.

Take a moment to reflect on your current employee development efforts and ask yourself, “How can we improve our processes to better support and retain top talent?” Small, intentional steps now can lead to stronger, more capable teams in the future.

Is Your Business Healthy? Let the Numbers Tell the Story

Over the past few weeks, we’ve discussed how to create and understand your financial statements. Now it’s time to turn our attention to reviewing and assessing those statements.

Regularly analyzing your financial data is essential to:

  • Determine if your business plans are working
  • Identify problems such as theft or fraud
  • Evaluate how your business compares to others in your industry
  • Spot trends that may positively or negatively affect your revenue

Are Your Plans Working?

Your cash flow worksheet was based on projected monthly sales over two years. You made critical business decisions—such as hiring staff, leasing space, and applying for financing—based on those projections.

If your actual revenue is falling short of projections, you may be burning through cash faster than expected. Identifying that early allows you to make adjustments, cut expenses, or secure additional funding.

On the flip side, if your revenue is exceeding expectations, you might be struggling to meet demand or maintain excellent customer service. In that case, you may need to hire more staff or set clearer expectations with customers regarding delivery times.

Identifying Problems

When I owned a restaurant, we were required to complete a weekly profit and loss statement and submit it to headquarters along with our royalty payment. Two numbers I always paid close attention to were payroll and cost of goods sold (COGS).

Our goal was to keep payroll under 22% of revenue and COGS under 35%. If either number was too high, it triggered an investigation. Here are some examples:

Payroll Red Flags

  • Overstaffing during slow periods: I reviewed scheduling during off-peak hours and made necessary adjustments.
  • Employees clocking in early or out late: I compared timecards to the schedule. One student used to come in early to do homework, but I didn’t realize he was on the clock!
  • Overtime pay: This often happened when a nearly full-time employee picked up extra shifts. We learned to ask part-time staff to cover instead.

Inventory Red Flags

  • Improper food preparation: Mistakes led to waste. We retrained employees or reminded them to follow special instructions more carefully.
  • Excess food on the buffet: Supervisors learned to reduce what was put out in the last 30 minutes of service.
  • Ordering errors: Overstocked perishables spoiled; running out meant buying from local stores at higher prices.
  • Theft: This included employees eating food without paying, giving away food, or failing to ring up sales and pocketing the cash.

Even if you’re not in the food service business, these examples illustrate how to track down the causes of higher-than-expected costs.

Comparing to Industry Standards

Analyzing your financial statements also helps you understand how your business stacks up against others in your industry. Industry benchmarks are available through association data, IBISWorld reports, and other sources.

For more on this, check out my blog: Comparing Your Financial Ratios to Industry Standards – Susan’s Reflections

Spotting Financial Trends That Spell Trouble

Declining sales volume is a major red flag. A brief dip might be seasonal or due to temporary competition. But if the trend continues, take a closer look:

  • Customer service issues: Even one rude or careless employee can cost you business. Many customers won’t complain—they’ll just leave.
  • Product quality issues: Poor-quality goods can lead to returns and dissatisfied customers.
  • Missed deadlines: Late deliveries frustrate clients. Evaluate every step in your supply chain to find and fix delays.

Rising accounts receivable can signal that your customers are struggling to pay. This slows your collections, reduces cash flow, and makes it harder to pay your own suppliers. If your receivables are growing:

  • Identify which customers are paying late and ask why.
  • Consider adjusting their credit limits or payment terms.
  • Project your cash flow for the next few months.
  • Talk to your banker about a line of credit, and ask suppliers for more favorable terms if needed.

Declining profit margins are another warning sign. Investigate the root cause. It could be:

  • Rising supply costs: Due to inflation, fuel prices, or shortages. Consider discontinuing low-margin items or sourcing more affordable alternatives.
  • Increased wages: If labor costs have risen, look for ways to improve productivity or automate processes.
  • Higher operating expenses: These might include utilities, insurance, or telecom services. Shop around for better rates, reduce waste (like leaking pipes or lights left on), and review whether you’re paying for services you don’t need.

Final Thoughts

Every business is different, but all must control costs and protect profit margins. Assessing your financial ratios regularly helps you identify problems early—before they impact your bottom line. Use the examples above as a guide to evaluate your own financials, make informed decisions, and position your business for long-term success.

If you’d like help reviewing your financial statements or identifying potential issues, don’t hesitate to reach out. I’m here to support you! You can email me at susan.ball5@aol.com.

Comparing Your Financial Ratios to Industry Standards

Business woman studying her business's financial ratios

Knowing your financial ratios is critical to managing your small business successfully. If you are applying for a business loan, the lender will want to see that your net operating income is more than sufficient to cover your loan payments. In fact, most lenders expect net operating income to be approximately three times the required loan payment. This standard holds true across the industry.

However, other ratios can vary greatly depending on the type of business you have. For example, inventory turnover should be much faster in a restaurant or grocery store compared to a retail clothing or appliance store. Grocery stores often have low profit margins per item but sell a large volume of products, while appliance stores sell fewer items but need a higher margin per sale to stay profitable.

Fortunately, there are several sources of standard industry data that can help you assess how your business compares to industry averages. These resources include:

  • IBISWorld: Offers comprehensive industry analysis, financial statistics, and industry trends. It’s a fee-based service, but you may be able to access it for free through a university or public library. Many Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs) use these reports in client consultations.
  • ReadyRatios: This financial software allows business owners to input their financial statements and automatically calculate key financial ratios. It also compares your business’s performance to industry benchmarks. ReadyRatios offers both free and fee-based versions depending on your needs.
  • Statista: A platform providing a wide range of data, including industry-standard ratios, market trends, and consumer behavior. It also has both free and premium options.

Other sources include:

  • Trade Associations
  • U.S. Census Bureau
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics
  • Market Research Firms

Key Ratios to Compare

There are several important financial ratios you can use to assess your business’s performance. Here are a few to consider:

Revenue Growth

If your industry is experiencing strong revenue growth but your business is lagging behind, it’s important to investigate why. Ask yourself:

  • Are new competitors eating into your market share?
  • Have you cut back on marketing and advertising?
  • Are you failing to provide an exceptional customer experience?

Profit Margin

Before starting your business, you should research the industry’s standard profit margin and compare it to your projected margins. If you’re projecting a profit margin much higher than industry standards, you’ll want to carefully review your assumptions about costs and operating expenses. If your business is already running and your profit margin is too low, consider:

  • Are your costs rising faster than you’re able to increase prices?
  • Are you failing to collect receivables in a timely manner?
  • Have revenues fallen below the point where they can cover fixed costs?
  • Has the quality of your product declined, leading to returns and waste?

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

The COGS ratio varies widely by industry, and yours should align with the industry’s average. If it’s not, investigate the following:

  • Are your prices too high, leading to reduced sales?
  • Is your markup too low, cutting into profits unnecessarily?
  • Are you offering deep discounts to move inventory, suggesting a misalignment with customer demand?
  • Are you over-ordering perishable items, resulting in waste?

Inventory Turnover Ratio

Your inventory turnover ratio indicates how quickly you’re selling and replacing inventory. If your ratio is higher than the industry average, it may indicate that you’re turning over inventory too quickly, which could lead to lost sales on high-demand items. On the other hand, a lower turnover ratio could mean that you’re ordering too much or the wrong items. Striking the right balance between inventory levels and demand is key to boosting sales and minimizing excess investment.

Interpreting Industry Benchmarks

These are just a few of the key financial ratios you can compare. It’s important to remember that deviating from the industry standard doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem, but it should prompt further investigation. You may find that your business is more efficient than average, or you may uncover areas for improvement that could help you optimize operations and boost profitability.

Conclusion: Understanding Your Ratios in Context

By comparing your financial ratios to industry standards, you can gain valuable insights into how your business is performing. Regularly reviewing these ratios will help you stay on track, identify potential issues early, and make informed decisions about the future of your business. Industry benchmarks serve as a useful tool, but remember that each business is unique, and your financial strategy should reflect your individual goals and circumstances.

If you need help analyzing your business’s financial ratios or understanding how they compare to industry standards, feel free to reach out. I’m here to help you navigate your financial strategy and grow your business confidently! You can email me @ susan.ball5@aol.com

Know Your Financial Ratios: The Key to Understanding Your Business’s Profitability

Understanding your financial statements is crucial to managing your small business effectively. However, it’s just as important to analyze these statements to assess how your business is performing. One powerful tool to do this is financial ratios. These ratios can help you measure your business’s financial health and compare it to others in your industry.

Here’s an overview of key financial ratios every business owner should understand and know how to calculate.

What Are Financial Ratios?

Financial ratios are calculations that help business owners evaluate their financial performance. They allow you to measure things like liquidity, profitability, and leverage—giving you a clearer picture of your business’s financial health.

Measures of Liquidity:

Liquidity refers to how easily assets can be converted into cash to cover short-term obligations. To maintain financial stability, it’s essential for a business to have sufficient liquidity.

Current Ratio: The current ratio measures a company’s ability to meet short-term liabilities using short-term assets.

Formula: Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities

A ratio greater than 1 indicates that the company can pay its short-term obligations using its assets. A higher ratio means more liquidity.

Quick Ratio: The quick ratio is another liquidity measure, but it excludes inventory from current assets, recognizing that inventory may take longer to sell and convert into cash.

Formula: Quick Ratio = (Current Assets – Inventory) / Current Liabilities

Inventory Turnover Ratio: This ratio measures how often a company sells and replaces its inventory during a period. A higher turnover suggests that inventory is being sold quickly. Inventory turnover ratios vary greatly from one industry to another. Businesses whose inventory is perishable must turn over their inventory in a few days, whereas businesses whose products have long lives turn over their inventory just a few times a year.

Formula: Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory

Measures of Profitability:

Gross Profit: Gross profit represents the revenue that remains after subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS). It’s essential for understanding how much revenue is available to cover operating expenses.

Formula: Gross Profit = Revenues – Cost of Goods Sold

Gross Profit Margin: The gross profit margin shows the percentage of revenue available to cover operating expenses.

Formula: Gross Profit Margin = (Revenues – COGS) / Revenues

A higher gross profit margin indicates a more efficient business model.

Net Profit: Net profit is the remaining revenue after subtracting all expenses, taxes, and interest. It represents the business’s overall profitability.

Formula: Net Profit = Revenues – COGS – All Business Expenses

Net Profit Margin: The net profit margin calculates what percentage of revenue remains as profit after all expenses are paid.

Formula: Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Revenues

Operating Profit (EBITDA): After taking out the cost of goods sold and paying all operating expenses you are left with the Operating Profit. It measures the funds available to meet obligations, such as loan payments and taxes. It’s also known as EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization).

Formula: Operating Profit = EBITDA = Gross Profit – Operating Expenses

Return on Assets (ROA): The return on assets ratio measures how efficiently a business is using its assets to generate profit.

Formula: Return on Assets = Net Profit / Total Assets

Return on Equity (ROE): The return on equity ratio shows how much profit a company generates with the money invested by its shareholders.

Formula: Return on Equity (ROE) = Net Profit / Shareholder’s Equity

Leverage Ratios:

Leverage ratios indicate the degree to which a company is financing its operations through debt, which is vital for evaluating financial risk.

Debt-to-Equity Ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio compares a company’s total debt to its total equity.

Formula: Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity

Interest Coverage Ratio: The interest coverage ratio measures a company’s ability to meet interest payments.

Formula: Interest Coverage Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense

Debt Service Coverage Ratio: This ratio measures a business’s ability to cover its debt obligations (principal and interest payments).

Formula: Debt Service Coverage Ratio = Net Operating Income / (Principal + Interest Due)

A ratio of 2.5 to 3.0 or higher is often seen as a healthy benchmark by lenders.

How to Interpret Financial Ratios

Now that you understand the basic financial ratios, it’s essential to interpret what they mean. Some ratios, such as the debt service coverage ratio, are fairly standard across industries. Other ratios, such as inventory turnover or profit margins, can vary significantly between different industries.

In our next blog post, we’ll dive deeper into how to access industry data to benchmark your ratios and what variances in your ratios mean for your business’s performance.

Conclusion: Why Financial Ratios Matter

Understanding and calculating financial ratios is crucial for small business owners who want to assess their financial health. These ratios provide valuable insights into liquidity, profitability, and financial risk. By regularly tracking these ratios, you can make informed decisions about your business’s financial strategy and growth.

If you have any questions about how to calculate or interpret your business’s financial ratios, feel free to reach out in the comments below or email me at susan.ball5@aol.com. I’m here to help you manage your business finances with confidence!

Know Your Financial Statements—The Personal Financial Statement

The Personal Financial Statement (PFS) is an important document that every business owner should understand. Unlike other financial statements, the PFS reflects the financial health of the business owner rather than the business itself. Many business owners mistakenly believe their personal financial situation is separate from their business’s financial health. However, that is not the case.

A business owner’s personal finances play a crucial role in determining whether a lender will approve a small business loan. Lenders review the PFS to assess if the borrower:

  1. Is managing their personal finances well
  2. Has cash to inject into the business
  3. Has collateral to support the loan

Moreover, landlords and franchisors often require business owners to demonstrate financial responsibility before entering into lease or franchise agreements. Additionally, a PFS is necessary for certain SBA certifications and for securing SBA-backed loans.

Many business owners struggle with understanding how to complete the PFS. To help, I’ll guide you through the process, using the SBA’s Form 413 as the reference. While each bank may have its own version, most will accept the SBA version.

Guidelines for Completing the Personal Financial Statement

Assets:

  • Cash on Hand and in Banks: Total cash on hand and in your bank checking accounts.
  • Savings Accounts: Total of savings accounts, including CDs and money market accounts.
  • Retirement Accounts (IRAs, etc.): Total all retirement accounts. Though this money cannot be used as collateral, it’s still an important asset.
  • Accounts and Notes Receivable: Money owed to you, such as tax refunds, security deposits, or maturing CDs.
  • Life Insurance: Include only the cash surrender value of life insurance policies (the amount you’d receive if you cancel the policy, after administrative costs).
  • Stocks, Bonds, Real Estate, Automobiles, and Other Personal Property: List at current market values.
  • Other Property and Assets: Includes boats, trailers, collectibles, and jewelry.
  • Business Ownership: If you own a business, include its value, calculated by summing cash, equipment, and inventory. Enter this as “Other Assets.”

Liabilities:

  • Accounts Payable and Notes Payable: Includes unpaid bills, outstanding credit card balances, and bank loans (excluding mortgages, student loans, and auto loans).
  • Auto and Installment Loans: Include the total debt and the monthly payment for auto loans, student loans, or other installment loans.
  • Life Insurance Loans: If applicable, list any loans against life insurance policies.
  • Mortgage Liabilities: Include the total debt secured by any real estate, including first and second mortgages and home equity loans.
  • Unpaid Taxes: List any unpaid income tax, property taxes, and personal property taxes.
  • Other Liabilities: Include private loans from friends or family, legal judgments, and unpaid child support or alimony.

Net Worth: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities

Additional Sections to Complete

Once you’ve filled in the basic table, additional details about your assets and liabilities are required in the sections below.

Section 1: Income

  • Salary: Include wages or salaries you regularly pay yourself from the business and any other employment.
  • Investment and Real Estate Income: Provide details of income from investments or properties.
  • Other Income: This might include disability income, foster care payments, and retirement income (but not alimony or child support).
  • Contingent Liabilities: Include any loans for which you co-signed, or set-aside funds for contingencies like lawsuits or IRS audits.

Section 2: Loans and Credit Cards

Provide details on all outstanding bank loans, credit card balances, student loans, auto loans, and personal loans.

Section 3: Stocks and Bonds

Provide details on stocks and bonds owned, including the number of shares and their current values.

Section 4: Real Estate

Include all properties owned—both free and clear, and those with mortgages. Use online sources like Zillow to estimate current property values.

Section 5: Other Assets

Describe the assets listed in Accounts Receivable, Other Personal Property, and Other Assets. Include the asset and its value, e.g., “2024 tax refund expected: $1,450” or “2018 fishing boat: $9,000.”

Section 6: Taxes Owed

Provide details on any unpaid taxes owed to the federal, state, or local government. If you’re on a payment plan, include the balance and payment terms.

Section 7: Other Liabilities

Provide details on any other liabilities not already covered in the previous sections.

Section 8: Life Insurance Policies

List the face value of your life insurance policies and the cash value you would receive if you cashed them out. If you’ve borrowed against any policies, include those details here as well.

Be sure to sign and date the form, and include your Social Security Number. If you are married, your spouse must also sign and date the form.

When lenders, landlords, or franchisors review your PFS, they’re evaluating whether you manage your personal finances responsibly, if you’ve taken on too much debt, and whether you can meet your financial obligations. Managing your personal finances well is critical, not only for your own peace of mind but also to demonstrate your ability to manage your business effectively.

Conclusion

The Personal Financial Statement is a key tool in securing financing for your business and demonstrating your financial responsibility to potential partners. By completing it accurately, you’ll be better prepared for any financial assessments that come your way. If you have any questions about how to complete your PFS or need further assistance, feel free to drop a comment below or email me at susan.ball5@aol.com! I’m happy to help you navigate this important aspect of your business finances.

Know Your Financial Statements—Accounts Payable

Most small businesses have a number of unpaid bills at any given time. Inventory has been delivered, but the invoice isn’t due yet. Utility bills arrive two to three weeks before the due date. Retail sales tax has been collected but not remitted to the tax department. Payroll withholding taxes are being held in escrow until it’s time to file quarterly reports. These unpaid bills are known as accounts payable.

It’s crucial to keep track of your accounts payable so you know how much is owed, to whom, and when the bills are due. Managing your accounts payable effectively offers several benefits. A statement of accounts payable will help you achieve this.

Benefits of a Statement of Accounts Payable

  1. Effective Cash Flow Management
    Accounts payable should be included in your cash flow statement for the month they are due. This ensures that you’ll have enough cash on hand to cover those bills. It also helps highlight months where a shortage might occur, allowing you to arrange a line of credit to meet forecasted shortfalls.
  2. Avoidance of Late Fees and Interest
    Tax authorities impose penalties for late filing of quarterly tax payments and monthly sales tax reports. Banks, utility companies, and suppliers may also charge late fees or interest for bills that aren’t paid on time.
  3. Take Advantage of Discounts
    Many suppliers offer discounts for early payment. A statement of accounts payable lets you easily spot vendors offering discounts, so you can ensure bills are paid on time to take advantage of these savings.
  4. Maintain Good Credit and Vendor Relationships
    Timely payments are key to maintaining a strong credit score and healthy relationships with lenders and suppliers.
  5. Preparation for Loan Requests
    If you need to borrow money or establish a line of credit, lenders will often request a statement of accounts payable. This statement helps them evaluate your level of debt in relation to industry norms and your ability to cover outstanding debts if your revenue declines.

Creating a Statement of Accounts Payable

A statement of accounts payable is essentially a table that includes:

  • Name of creditor
  • Account number or invoice number
  • Invoice date
  • Due date
  • Amount owed
CreditorAcct/Invoice NumberInvoice DateDue DateAmount
Bill 1    
Bill 2    
Bill 3    
Bill 4    

Tips for Managing Accounts Payable

Managing accounts payable effectively is crucial for maintaining healthy cash flow and good vendor relationships. Here are some best practices to consider:

  • Separate Regular and Occasional Bills
    Keep distinct charts for bills that occur regularly and those that are occasional. This makes it easier to track and manage.
  • Record Monthly Bills on Your Cash Flow Statement
    Include occasional bills in the months they are due, not just the regular ones. This will help you get a clear picture of your upcoming cash flow needs.
  • Set Up Automatic Payments for Fixed Monthly Bills
    Set up automatic payments for bills like rent, loan payments, cell phone bills, and subscriptions that are predictable and have a fixed amount.
  • Estimate and Adjust for Variable Bills
    For bills that vary, like utilities or discretionary expenses (marketing, for example), use an estimated amount in your cash flow statement and adjust for seasonal variations.
  • Automate Bill Payments When Possible
    If possible, have bills go directly to your bank. This simplifies the payment process, especially if you’re using a bill-paying app.
  • Track Infrequent Bills
    For less frequent bills, like insurance payments, set up automatic payments to ensure you don’t overlook them.
  • Balance Your Checkbook Regularly
    Schedule weekly or bi-monthly checkups to balance your checkbook and confirm that all bills have been paid or are scheduled for timely payment.
  • Forecast Cash Flow in Advance
    Predict your monthly cash balances several months in advance to determine if sufficient funds will be available during slower months. If you forecast a shortage, take steps to ensure enough cash is available, like establishing a line of credit or injecting more capital into the business.

Conclusion

A statement of accounts payable is a simple but powerful tool for tracking your bills and maintaining healthy cash flow. By following the tips above, you’ll be able to manage your accounts payable effectively, avoid late fees, and maintain good credit and vendor relationships.

If you have any questions about managing your accounts payable or tips for creating your own statement, feel free to drop them in the comments below. I’d love to help you better understand this important aspect of your business finances!